5 thoughts on “What should I pay attention to when the water, waste paper, and plastic re -use?”
Jeanette
To make necessary disinfection, generally abandoned items will bring a variety of viruses The necessary cleaning and disinfection before recycling This can reduce the damage to the human body to the greatest extent recovery and utilization Refers to the useful substances separated from the waste through physical or mechanical processing into reuse products. For example, recycling and utilization of waste glass, waste metals, waste batteries, old appliances, idle gifts, etc. Most of them are used to recycle the waste of waste or the recycling of individuals or units to be used to use second -hand items to be traded in paid recovery and free recycling. The recycling can be used to use it to a large extent to reduce waste. It can play a certain protective role in the ecological environment The average recovery rate of glass containers in Western European countries has reached 30.5%, and the EU member states plan to double the recovery of various waste glass within 2 to 3 years. The "measures based on preliminary estimates can save 25 million liters of oil, save 2 million tons of raw materials, save 20 million mikes (equivalent to US $ 11.804 million), and reduce the amount of waste glass in garbage by 20% by 20% .
1. Pay attention to the classification of waste products, whether the waste is dangerous. 2. Pay attention to the fire prevention, and prepare some fire extinguishers in advance not only through the security inspection above, but also to prevent it. 3. Pay attention to changes in market price markets. There is a detailed explanation of the identification and classification of waste products every day and analysis of the abandoned business opportunities network every day. You can pay attention to the inventory and receipt prices according to this, and avoid the price loss from the face. Extension information: "The Circular Economic Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that "in the process of waste reuse and resourceization, production safety should be guaranteed, the product quality meets the standards of the national regulations, and the quality To prevent reinsented pollution. The law proposed that "the circular economic development plan should include planning goals, scope, main content, key tasks, and guarantee measures, etc. Wascable indicators.
White pollution is a plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade at one time. For example, a disposable foam fast -moving tableware and the plastic bags we commonly use. It is very serious to environmental pollution, and it is difficult to break down in the soil, which will cause the soil capacity to decrease. This thing, it is best to bring its own tools when buying things to reduce its use.
. The current status of "white pollution" and its harm
Materials, which have the advantages of light quality, waterproof, durable, mature production technology, and low cost, have been widely used in the world and have grown year by year. The growth rate of plastic packaging materials in the world market is higher than other packaging materials. The average annual growth rate of plastic packaging materials from 1990-1995 was 8.9%.
The country is one of the top ten plastic products in the world. In 1995, my country's plastic output was 5.19 million tons, with nearly 6 million tons of plastic in Japan. The total national plastic consumption in the country was about 11 million tons, of which 2.11 million tons of packaging for packaging. Most of the packaged plastic is discarded in the environment in the form of waste film, plastic bags and foam plastic tableware. These waste plastic packaging is scattered in urban areas, landscape tourism areas, water bodies, and roads, which not only affects the landscape, but also causes "visual pollution", but also causes potential harm to the ecological environment because it is difficult to degrade the ecological environment.
In surveys, 3%of Beijing's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with a total amount of about 140,000 tons per year; 7%of Shanghai's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with a total amount of about about the total amount of about the total amount of about It is 190,000 tons. Tianjin's annual waste plastic packaging also exceeds 100,000 tons. There are about 2.3 billion plastic bags in the environment every year in Beijing, about 220 million disposable plastic tableware, and about 6.75 million square meters of waste agricultural membranes. People name this "a white suburbs."
"White pollution" is the main hazard of "visual pollution", and "potential hazards":
1, "visual pollution". Waste plastic packaging scattered in cities, tourism areas, water bodies, and roads bring bad stimuli to people's vision, affect the overall beauty of cities and scenic spots, and destroy the city's appearance and landscape, which causes "visual pollution".
2, "potential harm". After the waste plastic packaging enters the environment, it is difficult to degrade due to it, causing long -term and deep ecological environment problems. First of all, waste plastic packaging is mixed in the soil, affecting the absorption of nutrients and moisture by crops, which will cause crops to reduce production; second, abandoned waste plastic packaging in land or water body, which is swallowed by animals as food, causing animals to die (in the case Zoo, pastoral and ocean, such conditions are common); Third, waste plastic packaging mixed in domestic waste is difficult to deal with: landfill treatment will be occupied for a long time, and plastic domestic waste is not suitable for compost treatment The sorted waste plastic is also difficult to recycle because the quality cannot be guaranteed.
At present, people are strongly reflected in the problem of "visual pollution", and most people still lack awareness of the long -term "potential harm" of waste plastic packaging.
. The general approach to preventing and controlling "white pollution" at home and abroad
1. The relevant situation of "white pollution" abroad " The average consumer plastic packaging in the United States has reached 23.4 kg, Japan is 20.1 kg, and Europe is 15 kg. In the 1990s, the number of per capita consumer plastic packaging in developed countries was more (my country per capita consumer plastic packaging and other plastic products in 1995 were 13.12 kg). From the perspective of consumption, it seems that the "white pollution" of developed countries should be serious, but it is not. The reason is that the first is that developed countries have been strictly grasped in the city for a long time. Few people throw up the waste plastic packaging in randomly, which basically eliminate "visual pollution". Second, the dismissed disposal rate of domestic garbage in developed countries is relatively high. Taking the United States as an example, before the 1980s, the main way to dispose of waste plastic was to land. Later, it was found that plastic has not degraded for a long time. After the 1990s, they turned to recycle the way.
It has established a strict classification and recycling system. Most of the waste plastic packaging materials have been recycled and used. Plastic packaging potential hazards.
The United States has formulated the "Resource Protection and Recycling Law", which has made clear regulations on technical research, system construction and operation, and development planning in solid waste management, resource recovery, resource protection, etc. Essence 10 states such as California, Maine, and New York have introduced the recycling deposit system for packaging supplies. Japan listed special terms in the laws such as the "Renewable Resources Law", "Energy Conservation and Renewable Resources Support Law", and "Packaging Container Recycling Law" to promote the simplified packaging of manufacturers and clarify the respective manufacturers, sellers and consumers' respective Recycling obligation. In the "Circular Economic Law", Germany clearly stipulates that whoever manufacture, sells, consumer packaging items has the obligation to avoid the production, recycling, and disposal of waste. The "Packaging Regulations" in Germany will be recovered, utilized, and disposed of waste packaging materials to link with the rights of production, sales, and consumption. Each subtle link is strong and effective.
2, my country's method of preventing and controlling "white pollution" and its advantages and disadvantages
The current measures in my country began to take measures from two aspects of administrative and technology to prevent "white pollution".
In terms of administration, one is to strengthen management. For example, the "white pollution" problem on both sides of the railway that is more concerned about in society has made significant changes through strengthening tube fun. Starting from the second half of 1994, the railway department has worked in partitions along the line. Some passenger trains use bags for garbage, and passengers are prohibited from abandon waste outside the window. The flight attendant did not scan the car's garbage out of the window as before, but unloaded the garbage bag at the station and handled it by the station. At present, there are more and more trains using baggage garbage, and there are fewer and fewer throwing garbage outside the car. "White pollution" has been eliminated on both sides of the 29,000 kilometers. Practice has proved that strengthening management is an effective means to prevent "white pollution".
Secondly, the use of plastic packaging with one -time difficult degradation is prohibited. Hangzhou is the earliest city in my country to prohibit the use of disposable foam fast tableware. On September 15, 1995, Hangzhou was jointly issued by the Municipal Rong Sanitation Bureau, the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, and the Health Bureau to issue the "Notice on the use of the use of foam plastic boxes", which announced the announcement for three consecutive days in the Hangzhou Daily. During the implementation of the management department, some individual mobile vendors are still selling foam plastic tableware. Recently, the Standing Committee of the Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress passed the "Regulations on the Management of Hangzhou Municipal Environmental Health Management", and Article 35 of the Regulations stipulates that the non -degraded disposable disposable tableware made by foam plastics is prohibited. Oblusion can be fined 500 to 5,000 yuan. The "Regulations" will be implemented from September 15, 1997. Wuhan, Harbin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shantou and other cities have also promulgated relevant policies and regulations to prohibit local use of disposable foam plastic tableware. By adopting the above measures, they have reduced "white pollution" to a certain extent to a certain extent. Harm. However, from the perspective of practice, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of "white pollution" by prohibition alone. Cities that promulgated above are required to use paper products or degradable plastic products instead of the original difficult to degrade foam plastic products. However, alternatives cannot compete with ordinary plastic products in terms of price and quality. Therefore, under the market economy conditions, it is difficult to operate only by administrative orders and regardless of economic leverage.
third, forced recycling. Clean waste plastic packaging can be reused, or re -used for granular, refining, paint, and building materials. Recycling uses the common principles of "reduction, resourceization, and harmless" that conforms to solid waste treatment. Recycling can not only avoid "visual pollution", but also solve "potential harm", relieve resource pressure, reduce the load of urban domestic waste disposal, save land, and achieve certain economic benefits. This is a good way to treat both specimens. But recycling should be before the waste plastic packaging enters the garbage. The sorting of waste plastic packaging from the garbage dump is not only time -consuming and laborious, but the use value of waste plastic is also very low. Because the sorted waste plastic products are too dirty, it is difficult to classify according to the material, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. On the basis of conducting investigations and research, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau has determined the technical route of "recycling and utilization, supplemented by replacement, distinguished, and comprehensive prevention and control". On June 1, 1997, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Notice on the Disted Plastic Box of the abandoned", which requires one -time plastic tableware in Beijing to produce and distribute disposable plastic tableware (including it Units or individuals of tray, bowls, cups, etc.) must be responsible for recycling and using waste tableware, or you can entrust other units to recycle and use. The "Notice" also stipulates that the recovery rate in 1998 must reach 30%, 50%in 1999, and 60%in 2000. After the "Notice" was released, the production, distribution units and individuals immediately went to the local environmental protection department to apply for registration, and proposed their own recycling plans and specific guarantee measures. This is a breakthrough in Beijing to solve "white pollution". After effective results, the types and proportion of waste plastic products that are forced to recycle will be gradually increased, and "white pollution" will eventually eliminate "white pollution". The Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau completed the "Investigation Report of the" White Pollution "Project in Tianjin" and proposed a set of prevention and control programs to determine the purpose of re -use reassessment to achieve the purpose of saving resources and eliminating pollution. At present, the "recycling plan", "pilot work operation map", and "pilot work progress outline" are being formulated, and the "Tianjin 'White Pollution' Prevention and Control Industry Association" is prepared for the establishment of the "Tianjin 'White Pollution' Prevention and Control Industry Association".
In terms of technology, the first is to use paper for plastic. The main ingredient of paper is natural plant cellulose. After abandonment, it is easy to be broken down by microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, it can solve the "potential harm" mentioned earlier, but it will also bring new environmental problems: first of all Forest resources in our country are not rich; secondly, water pollution will be brought during the papermaking process. In addition, in terms of performance and cost, paper products cannot be competed with plastic products. At present, my country also has the practice of producing one -sex tableware with sugar cane rods and straw as raw materials, but it is still in the trial stage.
It is to use degradable plastic. Add a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photoretabin agent, etc.) to the production process of plastic packaging products, which reduces the stability of the plastic packaging material, which is easier to degrade in the natural environment. Essence At present, there are 19 units developed or produced in Beijing in Beijing. Tests show that most degradable plastic began to become thinner, lost, and decreased after 3 months of exposure in general environments, and gradually cracked into fragments. If these fragments are buried in garbage or soil, the degradation effect is not obvious. There are four shortcomings using degradable plastic: one is to consume more food; the other is that the use of degradable plastic products cannot completely eliminate "visual pollution"; third, due to technical reasons, the use of degradable plastic products cannot completely solve the environment for the environment. "Potential hazards"; Fourth, degradable plastic is difficult to recycle due to special additives.
. The problems of my country's existence in the governance of "white pollution"
The main problems in my country's prevention and treatment of "white pollution" are:
1. No national special regulations
The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" cannot rely on the consciousness of enterprises or individuals. There should be mandatory measures, restricting the behavior of the staff of citizens, catering, transportation and other industries Essence For example, enterprises or individuals are required to recycle and use waste plastic packaging materials generated in their own production, operations, and consumer activities; punishment of random abandonment and stacking waste plastic packaging materials. But so far, my country has not formulated national regulations in this area.
2, lack of relevant economic policies
The enthusiasm for recycling, processing, and utilization of enterprises in order to mobilize these enterprises. The existing comprehensive use of preferential policies is not enough to recycling waste plastic packaging and using the industry to form a benign market mechanism. In order not to increase the burden on the government and reflect the principle of "paid by pollutants", companies or individuals who cannot recycle the waste recycling should be required to pay the recycling processing fee for recycling for recycling users. This approach is more common abroad. In my country, there is no such economic policy.
3, management work cannot keep up
"white pollution" in cities, landscape tourism areas, transportation lines, and waters is mainly caused by poor management. Dining, commercial, railway, and water transport departments do not take strict management measures for waste plastic packaging materials generated in business activities. They will throw them directly on the ground or water. Water. The supporting facilities in urban streets and tourist areas are not sound. The density of trash cans in bustling areas such as shopping malls, restaurants, parks, and parks are too low, and no classification trash can have been set up. Although the city's capacity and sanitation department has regulations for prohibiting littering, there are fewer personnel in law enforcement and inspections. It is more common to have laws and prohibitions.
4, the management ideas are not uniform.
The region in a considerable number of regions in our country has insufficient understanding of "white pollution". The problem of "white pollution" has not been put on the agenda. In some places, it is advocated to solve "white pollution" with paper per plastic or using degradable plastic, while in some areas, they advocate relying on recycling to solve problems, and the management ideas are not uniform.
5, people's environmental consciousness still improves
. Although the environmental protection concepts of urban residents have been improved compared to previous years, they have begun to pay attention to environmental issues, but they have not yet implemented themselves. In terms of action, the behavior of abandoning waste, chaotic and disorderly piles of waste plastic packaging can be seen everywhere. Most of the reports of news media on "white pollution" are mostly concentrated in terms of paper generation plastic and using degradable plastic, and lack the guidance and education of residents' daily behavior. The production, operating units and consumers of plastic packaging have no sense of responsibility, neither the inherent motivation of the obligation nor recycling, utilization, and disposal of the external pressure of waste plastic packaging materials.
. Countermeasures for preventing and controlling "white pollution"
The practical experience of "white pollution" at home and abroad, combined with the current "white pollution" status and its management work Existing problems, my country's prevention and control of "white pollution" should follow the principles of "promoting education as the lead, strengthening management as the core, and recycling and utilization as the main means, and replacing products as supplementary measures."
This "white pollution" must first solve the problem of "visual pollution", so that the city and landscape can be significantly improved. This is mainly to rely on publicity and education to guide citizens to form a good living habits; at the same time, we must strengthen management according to law, and promote the collection and treatment of enterprises and individuals to be properly collected and dealt with. The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" is more important to solve the long -term and deep -seated harm of waste plastic packaging on the ecological environment. This is mainly to implement comprehensive recycling and utilization of waste plastic packaging through the formulation and implementation of laws and economic policies that are conducive to recycling and utilization; prevention and treatment of "white pollution", and should also strengthen research and development of actual replacement (green) packaging supplies. Now put forward the following countermeasures for accelerating the process of preventing and controlling "white pollution" in my country:
1. Strengthening publicity and education. The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" is a systematic project that requires the joint efforts of various departments and industries, and the active participation of the whole society and all citizens. It is necessary to vigorously carry out publicity and education, raise people's awareness of "white pollution", improve the environmental awareness of the whole society, and educate people to develop good health and anger. While strictly abide by environmental protection regulations, actively stop the bad behavior around you.
2, unified thinking understanding, strengthening management. The principle of prevention and treatment of "promoting education as the lead, strengthening management as the core, with the main means of recycling and use as the main means, and replacing products as supplementary measures", one is to strengthen the publicity of "white pollution" harmfulness, guide and educate citizens to consciously consciousness The prevention and treatment of "white pollution"; second, for industries that produce large amounts of waste plastic packaging (such as railway, water transport, civil aviation, tourism, restaurants, restaurants, retail, etc.) The phenomenon of abandonment; the third is to take compulsory measures to start with waste plastic packaging (such as disposable foam lunch box) generated from the recovery set to gradually increase the recovery rate of waste plastic packaging materials; Strive to reduce the amount of waste plastic packaging.
3, formulate relevant regulations to the state to prevent "white pollution" as soon as possible, and clarify the obligations and legal responsibilities of producers, sellers and consumers to recycle and use waste plastic packaging materials. In response to the production, operation, and consumption of plastic packaging materials, formulate specific control measures and guidance policies, control the amount of waste plastic packaging that is not easy to recycle, and encourage the recovery rate of waste plastic packaging.
4. Formulate appropriate economic policies and build a benign operating mechanism to eliminate "white pollution" under market economy conditions. Use economic means to encourage and promote the "reduction, resource, harmless" of waste plastic packaging, save and comprehensively utilize resources, prevent "white pollution", and protect the ecological environment.
To make necessary disinfection, generally abandoned items will bring a variety of viruses
The necessary cleaning and disinfection before recycling
This can reduce the damage to the human body to the greatest extent
recovery and utilization Refers to the useful substances separated from the waste through physical or mechanical processing into reuse products.
For example, recycling and utilization of waste glass, waste metals, waste batteries, old appliances, idle gifts, etc. Most of them are used to recycle the waste of waste or the recycling of individuals or units to be used to use second -hand items to be traded in paid recovery and free recycling.
The recycling can be used to use it to a large extent to reduce waste. It can play a certain protective role in the ecological environment
The average recovery rate of glass containers in Western European countries has reached 30.5%, and the EU member states plan to double the recovery of various waste glass within 2 to 3 years.
The "measures based on preliminary estimates can save 25 million liters of oil, save 2 million tons of raw materials, save 20 million mikes (equivalent to US $ 11.804 million), and reduce the amount of waste glass in garbage by 20% by 20% .
1. Pay attention to the classification of waste products, whether the waste is dangerous.
2. Pay attention to the fire prevention, and prepare some fire extinguishers in advance not only through the security inspection above, but also to prevent it.
3. Pay attention to changes in market price markets. There is a detailed explanation of the identification and classification of waste products every day and analysis of the abandoned business opportunities network every day. You can pay attention to the inventory and receipt prices according to this, and avoid the price loss from the face.
Extension information:
"The Circular Economic Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that "in the process of waste reuse and resourceization, production safety should be guaranteed, the product quality meets the standards of the national regulations, and the quality To prevent reinsented pollution.
The law proposed that "the circular economic development plan should include planning goals, scope, main content, key tasks, and guarantee measures, etc. Wascable indicators.
White pollution is a plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade at one time. For example, a disposable foam fast -moving tableware and the plastic bags we commonly use. It is very serious to environmental pollution, and it is difficult to break down in the soil, which will cause the soil capacity to decrease. This thing, it is best to bring its own tools when buying things to reduce its use.
. The current status of "white pollution" and its harm
Materials, which have the advantages of light quality, waterproof, durable, mature production technology, and low cost, have been widely used in the world and have grown year by year. The growth rate of plastic packaging materials in the world market is higher than other packaging materials. The average annual growth rate of plastic packaging materials from 1990-1995 was 8.9%.
The country is one of the top ten plastic products in the world. In 1995, my country's plastic output was 5.19 million tons, with nearly 6 million tons of plastic in Japan. The total national plastic consumption in the country was about 11 million tons, of which 2.11 million tons of packaging for packaging. Most of the packaged plastic is discarded in the environment in the form of waste film, plastic bags and foam plastic tableware. These waste plastic packaging is scattered in urban areas, landscape tourism areas, water bodies, and roads, which not only affects the landscape, but also causes "visual pollution", but also causes potential harm to the ecological environment because it is difficult to degrade the ecological environment.
In surveys, 3%of Beijing's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with a total amount of about 140,000 tons per year; 7%of Shanghai's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, with a total amount of about about the total amount of about the total amount of about It is 190,000 tons. Tianjin's annual waste plastic packaging also exceeds 100,000 tons. There are about 2.3 billion plastic bags in the environment every year in Beijing, about 220 million disposable plastic tableware, and about 6.75 million square meters of waste agricultural membranes. People name this "a white suburbs."
"White pollution" is the main hazard of "visual pollution", and "potential hazards":
1, "visual pollution". Waste plastic packaging scattered in cities, tourism areas, water bodies, and roads bring bad stimuli to people's vision, affect the overall beauty of cities and scenic spots, and destroy the city's appearance and landscape, which causes "visual pollution".
2, "potential harm". After the waste plastic packaging enters the environment, it is difficult to degrade due to it, causing long -term and deep ecological environment problems. First of all, waste plastic packaging is mixed in the soil, affecting the absorption of nutrients and moisture by crops, which will cause crops to reduce production; second, abandoned waste plastic packaging in land or water body, which is swallowed by animals as food, causing animals to die (in the case Zoo, pastoral and ocean, such conditions are common); Third, waste plastic packaging mixed in domestic waste is difficult to deal with: landfill treatment will be occupied for a long time, and plastic domestic waste is not suitable for compost treatment The sorted waste plastic is also difficult to recycle because the quality cannot be guaranteed.
At present, people are strongly reflected in the problem of "visual pollution", and most people still lack awareness of the long -term "potential harm" of waste plastic packaging.
. The general approach to preventing and controlling "white pollution" at home and abroad
1. The relevant situation of "white pollution" abroad " The average consumer plastic packaging in the United States has reached 23.4 kg, Japan is 20.1 kg, and Europe is 15 kg. In the 1990s, the number of per capita consumer plastic packaging in developed countries was more (my country per capita consumer plastic packaging and other plastic products in 1995 were 13.12 kg). From the perspective of consumption, it seems that the "white pollution" of developed countries should be serious, but it is not. The reason is that the first is that developed countries have been strictly grasped in the city for a long time. Few people throw up the waste plastic packaging in randomly, which basically eliminate "visual pollution". Second, the dismissed disposal rate of domestic garbage in developed countries is relatively high. Taking the United States as an example, before the 1980s, the main way to dispose of waste plastic was to land. Later, it was found that plastic has not degraded for a long time. After the 1990s, they turned to recycle the way.
It has established a strict classification and recycling system. Most of the waste plastic packaging materials have been recycled and used. Plastic packaging potential hazards.
The United States has formulated the "Resource Protection and Recycling Law", which has made clear regulations on technical research, system construction and operation, and development planning in solid waste management, resource recovery, resource protection, etc. Essence 10 states such as California, Maine, and New York have introduced the recycling deposit system for packaging supplies. Japan listed special terms in the laws such as the "Renewable Resources Law", "Energy Conservation and Renewable Resources Support Law", and "Packaging Container Recycling Law" to promote the simplified packaging of manufacturers and clarify the respective manufacturers, sellers and consumers' respective Recycling obligation. In the "Circular Economic Law", Germany clearly stipulates that whoever manufacture, sells, consumer packaging items has the obligation to avoid the production, recycling, and disposal of waste. The "Packaging Regulations" in Germany will be recovered, utilized, and disposed of waste packaging materials to link with the rights of production, sales, and consumption. Each subtle link is strong and effective.
2, my country's method of preventing and controlling "white pollution" and its advantages and disadvantages
The current measures in my country began to take measures from two aspects of administrative and technology to prevent "white pollution".
In terms of administration, one is to strengthen management. For example, the "white pollution" problem on both sides of the railway that is more concerned about in society has made significant changes through strengthening tube fun. Starting from the second half of 1994, the railway department has worked in partitions along the line. Some passenger trains use bags for garbage, and passengers are prohibited from abandon waste outside the window. The flight attendant did not scan the car's garbage out of the window as before, but unloaded the garbage bag at the station and handled it by the station. At present, there are more and more trains using baggage garbage, and there are fewer and fewer throwing garbage outside the car. "White pollution" has been eliminated on both sides of the 29,000 kilometers. Practice has proved that strengthening management is an effective means to prevent "white pollution".
Secondly, the use of plastic packaging with one -time difficult degradation is prohibited. Hangzhou is the earliest city in my country to prohibit the use of disposable foam fast tableware. On September 15, 1995, Hangzhou was jointly issued by the Municipal Rong Sanitation Bureau, the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, and the Health Bureau to issue the "Notice on the use of the use of foam plastic boxes", which announced the announcement for three consecutive days in the Hangzhou Daily. During the implementation of the management department, some individual mobile vendors are still selling foam plastic tableware. Recently, the Standing Committee of the Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress passed the "Regulations on the Management of Hangzhou Municipal Environmental Health Management", and Article 35 of the Regulations stipulates that the non -degraded disposable disposable tableware made by foam plastics is prohibited. Oblusion can be fined 500 to 5,000 yuan. The "Regulations" will be implemented from September 15, 1997. Wuhan, Harbin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shantou and other cities have also promulgated relevant policies and regulations to prohibit local use of disposable foam plastic tableware. By adopting the above measures, they have reduced "white pollution" to a certain extent to a certain extent. Harm. However, from the perspective of practice, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of "white pollution" by prohibition alone. Cities that promulgated above are required to use paper products or degradable plastic products instead of the original difficult to degrade foam plastic products. However, alternatives cannot compete with ordinary plastic products in terms of price and quality. Therefore, under the market economy conditions, it is difficult to operate only by administrative orders and regardless of economic leverage.
third, forced recycling. Clean waste plastic packaging can be reused, or re -used for granular, refining, paint, and building materials. Recycling uses the common principles of "reduction, resourceization, and harmless" that conforms to solid waste treatment. Recycling can not only avoid "visual pollution", but also solve "potential harm", relieve resource pressure, reduce the load of urban domestic waste disposal, save land, and achieve certain economic benefits. This is a good way to treat both specimens. But recycling should be before the waste plastic packaging enters the garbage. The sorting of waste plastic packaging from the garbage dump is not only time -consuming and laborious, but the use value of waste plastic is also very low. Because the sorted waste plastic products are too dirty, it is difficult to classify according to the material, and the quality cannot be guaranteed. On the basis of conducting investigations and research, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau has determined the technical route of "recycling and utilization, supplemented by replacement, distinguished, and comprehensive prevention and control". On June 1, 1997, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Notice on the Disted Plastic Box of the abandoned", which requires one -time plastic tableware in Beijing to produce and distribute disposable plastic tableware (including it Units or individuals of tray, bowls, cups, etc.) must be responsible for recycling and using waste tableware, or you can entrust other units to recycle and use. The "Notice" also stipulates that the recovery rate in 1998 must reach 30%, 50%in 1999, and 60%in 2000. After the "Notice" was released, the production, distribution units and individuals immediately went to the local environmental protection department to apply for registration, and proposed their own recycling plans and specific guarantee measures. This is a breakthrough in Beijing to solve "white pollution". After effective results, the types and proportion of waste plastic products that are forced to recycle will be gradually increased, and "white pollution" will eventually eliminate "white pollution". The Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau completed the "Investigation Report of the" White Pollution "Project in Tianjin" and proposed a set of prevention and control programs to determine the purpose of re -use reassessment to achieve the purpose of saving resources and eliminating pollution. At present, the "recycling plan", "pilot work operation map", and "pilot work progress outline" are being formulated, and the "Tianjin 'White Pollution' Prevention and Control Industry Association" is prepared for the establishment of the "Tianjin 'White Pollution' Prevention and Control Industry Association".
In terms of technology, the first is to use paper for plastic. The main ingredient of paper is natural plant cellulose. After abandonment, it is easy to be broken down by microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, it can solve the "potential harm" mentioned earlier, but it will also bring new environmental problems: first of all Forest resources in our country are not rich; secondly, water pollution will be brought during the papermaking process. In addition, in terms of performance and cost, paper products cannot be competed with plastic products. At present, my country also has the practice of producing one -sex tableware with sugar cane rods and straw as raw materials, but it is still in the trial stage.
It is to use degradable plastic. Add a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photoretabin agent, etc.) to the production process of plastic packaging products, which reduces the stability of the plastic packaging material, which is easier to degrade in the natural environment. Essence At present, there are 19 units developed or produced in Beijing in Beijing. Tests show that most degradable plastic began to become thinner, lost, and decreased after 3 months of exposure in general environments, and gradually cracked into fragments. If these fragments are buried in garbage or soil, the degradation effect is not obvious. There are four shortcomings using degradable plastic: one is to consume more food; the other is that the use of degradable plastic products cannot completely eliminate "visual pollution"; third, due to technical reasons, the use of degradable plastic products cannot completely solve the environment for the environment. "Potential hazards"; Fourth, degradable plastic is difficult to recycle due to special additives.
. The problems of my country's existence in the governance of "white pollution"
The main problems in my country's prevention and treatment of "white pollution" are:
1. No national special regulations
The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" cannot rely on the consciousness of enterprises or individuals. There should be mandatory measures, restricting the behavior of the staff of citizens, catering, transportation and other industries Essence For example, enterprises or individuals are required to recycle and use waste plastic packaging materials generated in their own production, operations, and consumer activities; punishment of random abandonment and stacking waste plastic packaging materials. But so far, my country has not formulated national regulations in this area.
2, lack of relevant economic policies
The enthusiasm for recycling, processing, and utilization of enterprises in order to mobilize these enterprises. The existing comprehensive use of preferential policies is not enough to recycling waste plastic packaging and using the industry to form a benign market mechanism. In order not to increase the burden on the government and reflect the principle of "paid by pollutants", companies or individuals who cannot recycle the waste recycling should be required to pay the recycling processing fee for recycling for recycling users. This approach is more common abroad. In my country, there is no such economic policy.
3, management work cannot keep up
"white pollution" in cities, landscape tourism areas, transportation lines, and waters is mainly caused by poor management. Dining, commercial, railway, and water transport departments do not take strict management measures for waste plastic packaging materials generated in business activities. They will throw them directly on the ground or water. Water. The supporting facilities in urban streets and tourist areas are not sound. The density of trash cans in bustling areas such as shopping malls, restaurants, parks, and parks are too low, and no classification trash can have been set up. Although the city's capacity and sanitation department has regulations for prohibiting littering, there are fewer personnel in law enforcement and inspections. It is more common to have laws and prohibitions.
4, the management ideas are not uniform.
The region in a considerable number of regions in our country has insufficient understanding of "white pollution". The problem of "white pollution" has not been put on the agenda. In some places, it is advocated to solve "white pollution" with paper per plastic or using degradable plastic, while in some areas, they advocate relying on recycling to solve problems, and the management ideas are not uniform.
5, people's environmental consciousness still improves
. Although the environmental protection concepts of urban residents have been improved compared to previous years, they have begun to pay attention to environmental issues, but they have not yet implemented themselves. In terms of action, the behavior of abandoning waste, chaotic and disorderly piles of waste plastic packaging can be seen everywhere. Most of the reports of news media on "white pollution" are mostly concentrated in terms of paper generation plastic and using degradable plastic, and lack the guidance and education of residents' daily behavior. The production, operating units and consumers of plastic packaging have no sense of responsibility, neither the inherent motivation of the obligation nor recycling, utilization, and disposal of the external pressure of waste plastic packaging materials.
. Countermeasures for preventing and controlling "white pollution"
The practical experience of "white pollution" at home and abroad, combined with the current "white pollution" status and its management work Existing problems, my country's prevention and control of "white pollution" should follow the principles of "promoting education as the lead, strengthening management as the core, and recycling and utilization as the main means, and replacing products as supplementary measures."
This "white pollution" must first solve the problem of "visual pollution", so that the city and landscape can be significantly improved. This is mainly to rely on publicity and education to guide citizens to form a good living habits; at the same time, we must strengthen management according to law, and promote the collection and treatment of enterprises and individuals to be properly collected and dealt with. The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" is more important to solve the long -term and deep -seated harm of waste plastic packaging on the ecological environment. This is mainly to implement comprehensive recycling and utilization of waste plastic packaging through the formulation and implementation of laws and economic policies that are conducive to recycling and utilization; prevention and treatment of "white pollution", and should also strengthen research and development of actual replacement (green) packaging supplies. Now put forward the following countermeasures for accelerating the process of preventing and controlling "white pollution" in my country:
1. Strengthening publicity and education. The prevention and treatment of "white pollution" is a systematic project that requires the joint efforts of various departments and industries, and the active participation of the whole society and all citizens. It is necessary to vigorously carry out publicity and education, raise people's awareness of "white pollution", improve the environmental awareness of the whole society, and educate people to develop good health and anger. While strictly abide by environmental protection regulations, actively stop the bad behavior around you.
2, unified thinking understanding, strengthening management. The principle of prevention and treatment of "promoting education as the lead, strengthening management as the core, with the main means of recycling and use as the main means, and replacing products as supplementary measures", one is to strengthen the publicity of "white pollution" harmfulness, guide and educate citizens to consciously consciousness The prevention and treatment of "white pollution"; second, for industries that produce large amounts of waste plastic packaging (such as railway, water transport, civil aviation, tourism, restaurants, restaurants, retail, etc.) The phenomenon of abandonment; the third is to take compulsory measures to start with waste plastic packaging (such as disposable foam lunch box) generated from the recovery set to gradually increase the recovery rate of waste plastic packaging materials; Strive to reduce the amount of waste plastic packaging.
3, formulate relevant regulations to the state to prevent "white pollution" as soon as possible, and clarify the obligations and legal responsibilities of producers, sellers and consumers to recycle and use waste plastic packaging materials. In response to the production, operation, and consumption of plastic packaging materials, formulate specific control measures and guidance policies, control the amount of waste plastic packaging that is not easy to recycle, and encourage the recovery rate of waste plastic packaging.
4. Formulate appropriate economic policies and build a benign operating mechanism to eliminate "white pollution" under market economy conditions. Use economic means to encourage and promote the "reduction, resource, harmless" of waste plastic packaging, save and comprehensively utilize resources, prevent "white pollution", and protect the ecological environment.
Pay attention to sterilization first, pay attention to food safety levels, food safety, and health and safety issues. Division and use, effective use.
When using plastic reuse, it is necessary to pay attention. Is there any recyclable value? Has it purified?